The poem Beowulf was written in England sometime in the 8th century Essay Example For Students

The sonnet Beowulf was written in England at some point in the eighth century Essay The sonnet Beowulf was written in England at some point in the eighth century. It was composed during when the general public was being changed over from agnosticism to Christianity. The Christian impacts are joined with early fables and gallant legends of Germanic clans. However, the agnostic components in the epic sonnet Beowulf obviously dominate the Christian components, and it is noticeable in the characters superhuman embodiments, their strive after vengeance, and their solid confidence in destiny. The primary character, Beowulf, is delineated as a superhuman in huge numbers of his phenomenal fights. During the fight with Grendels mother, when Beowulf understands that Unferths blade is pointless against the beasts toughness, he gets à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¦the best of all weapons/But so monstrous that no common man could lift/Its cut and enriched length1558-1561. This shows the centrality of Beowulfs quality, in such a case that it were some other man, they would not have the option to lift this blade and slaughter Grendels mother. His quality is far better than some other human, and in this way Beowulf fits the epic and agnostic nature of being head and shoulders over the rest. We will compose a custom exposition on The sonnet Beowulf was written in England at some point in the eighth century explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Another occurrence where Beowulf exhibits his superhuman capacities, is his last fight with the winged serpent. Beowulf is an elderly person at this point and in spite of the fact that he is, at long last, lethally injured, he figures out how to convey the last blow that slaughters the monster. His absence of dread to battle the mythical beast without anyone else, is depicted when he advises his companions to remain outside so they won't get harmed. Indeed, even as an old individual, Beowulf despite everything has a similar phenomenal boldness and quality as prior in the sonnet. What's more, even with age, he has not lost the characteristics that make him all around notable, and a remarkable saint. These fights are instances of epic old stories during agnostic occasions. Another agnostic component is noticeable in the hankering for vengeance by numerous individuals of the Anglo-Saxons. Beowulf outlines this desire for retaliation after Hrothgar loses one of his guides to Grendel: Let your distress end! It is better for every one of us/To vindicate our companions, not grieve them always 1384-1385. This section negates the possibility that Beowulf is a Christian sonnet, since taking tit for tat isn't at all a Christian conviction. Vengeance is a thought advanced by Pagans, and was believed to be important to vindicate to death of a companion. Another demonstration of retribution is seen when Beowulf endeavors to overcome the monster after it unleashes devastation on the place that is known for the Geats, causing a lot of harm. Despite the fact that Beowulf was old, the notoriety hungry ruler was looking for revenge for the wrath the mythical serpent had lashed out onto his city. Beowulf is clearly haughty and hot-headed, and doesn't follow Christian th oughts and convictions. It is demonstrated that this epic sonnet is an agnostic work, as a result of the acknowledged looking for of retribution. One last agnostic part of this sonnet, is the solid conviction that everybody was in theâ hands of destiny, the possibility that your life is foreordained. For example, when the men of Herot are anticipating Grendels fury, Beowulf states, Fate will loosen up as it must! 455. This shows the warriors didn't stress over what might occur, in light of the fact that they can't change what is as of now made arrangements for what's to come. Beowulfs mental fortitude is likewise clarified in this fragment, since he was unable to modify the future regardless of what he did, he was not scared of what might occur. Another event where destiny takes control is the point at which the mythical serpent executes Beowulf. He has carried on with a long and significant life, however this disastrous occasion demonstrates that everybody is in the possession of destiny. This additionally discredits the conviction that Beowulf is a Christian sonnet, in light of the fact that the Christian conviction is that ones life is in the possession of God, and isn't dictated by destiny. .u460bd020afd933f8bda23dab5a9efba3 , .u460bd020afd933f8bda23dab5a9efba3 .postImageUrl , .u460bd020afd933f8bda23dab5a9efba3 .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u460bd020afd933f8bda23dab5a9efba3 , .u460bd020afd933f8bda23dab5a9efba3:hover , .u460bd020afd933f8bda23dab5a9efba3:visited , .u460bd020afd933f8bda23dab5a9efba3:active { border:0!important; } .u460bd020afd933f8bda23dab5a9efba3 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u460bd020afd933f8bda23dab5a9efba3 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u460bd020afd933f8bda23dab5a9efba3:active , .u460bd020afd933f8bda23dab5a9efba3:hover { haziness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u460bd020afd933f8bda23dab5a9efba3 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: rela tive; } .u460bd020afd933f8bda23dab5a9efba3 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-beautification: underline; } .u460bd020afd933f8bda23dab5a9efba3 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u460bd020afd933f8bda23dab5a9efba3 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe span: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-design: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u460bd020afd933f8bda23dab5a9efba3:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u460bd020afd 933f8bda23dab5a9efba3 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u460bd020afd933f8bda23dab5a9efba3-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u460bd020afd933f8bda23dab5a9efba3:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Environmental Poetry EssayBeowulf is unmistakably an agnostic sonnet since it passes on gauges that are nearly something contrary to Christian convictions. The agnostic convictions of the time are acknowledged and followed completely. The extremely obvious parts of this sonnet make it agnostic are, characters superhuman exemplifications, a solid faith in destiny, and a yearning for retribution.

Aspects of Creative Work Free Essays

string(64) the shafts coordinated with the rear of a fallen rhododendron leaf. Parts of inventive work: Fallingwater by Frank Lloyd Wright An imaginative work is a sign of innovative exertion, for example, fine art, writing, music, artworks, and programming. Imaginative works share for all intents and purpose a level of mediation, with the end goal that it is doubtful that two individuals would freely make a similar work. Inventive works are a piece of property rights. We will compose a custom paper test on Parts of Creative Work or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now An inventive work relies upon what you look like at that specific workmanship. Each craftsmanship or art isn't innovative for us or for everybody. At the point when we state something is imaginative we generally have some reference. On the off chance that one says a structure is imaginative we generally contrast it and all standards of plan whether it is in congruity or appear differently in relation to the environmental factors or in the event that it is adjusted or the entire structure is in solidarity or not. I have attempted to comprehend parts of inventive work by considering Frank Lloyd Wright’s Fallingwater. In 1933, Kaufmann’s asked Frank Lloyd Wright to structure another end of the week house in Bear Run, a stream which streams at 1298 feet above ocean level and afterward cushions to fall around 20 feet. Kaufmann’s required an all year end of the week house, with every single present day comfort, away from the roadway and closer to the cascades. Rather than planning a house which neglects cascades, Wright structured a house on the cascades. Wright says,† I figure you can hear the cascade when you take a gander at the plan. 1 When Wright originally drew sketch of the house he envisioned a house with arrangement of patios or ledged which would give off an impression of being unimportant augmentation to the bluff. These strengthened 1 Wright, in a discussion with Hugh Downs at Taliesin, copyright 1953 by the National Broadcasting Company. Parts of innovative work: Theory of Conservation Submitted by: Manasi Pundlik, Code: AC-0212 Page 1 cement cantilevered patios were moored to the stone and therefore it was put between the rough outcrop and the stream, corresponding to an old wooden scaffold. The house was imagined as a living space anticipating over the falls and into the timberland, like the edges of rock along the precipices, and underneath the stream. 2 Initial representations of the house 2 Frank Lloyd Wright’s Fallingwater, the house and its history, copyright 1993 by Dover Publications, Inc. Parts of inventive work: Theory of Conservation Submitted by: Manasi Pundlik, Code: AC-0212 Page 2 First floor plan Second floor Plan Aspects of imaginative work: Theory of Conservation Submitted by: Manasi Pundlik, Code: AC-0212 Page 3 Third floor plan There were four stones on northern side of the stream, Wright set front room floor over one of the rock. Spaces inside the house were encircled by five almost equivalent sounds. West sound characterized the kitchen and two bed rooms above. Two center narrows after that framed the focal space of the family room. Mrs. Kauffmann’s room was on first floor and a long display at the third level was given over the lounge in the center straight. The Fourth inlet or east cove characterized sky lit examination region, guideline passage and steps, while visitor room was worked over the eastern straight over the primary section and flight of stairs. The fifth and the last cove enveloped the east front room patio and the passage loggia. South Elevation Aspects of inventive work: Theory of Conservation Submitted by: Manasi Pundlik, Code: AC-0212 Page 4 West Elevation The porch other than the west living was cantilevered past the line of the west kitchen divider and subsequently the dull and oversimplified articulation of the sound module was abstained from, improving the dramatization of cantilever. On the ground floor a pool sort of room was made this can be gotten to by gliding flight of stairs. The pool was developed according to customers wish, it could have been built anyplace, yet Wright put it so that as though it is a piece of the stream. Gliding flight of stairs adds to the sentiment of one major streaming space from where you can't separate nature from the structure. The cantilevers in the house previously showed up wherever at Bear Run, in the stone edges, yet in the long green leaves of the tree and rhododendron. 3 Wright said that he considered them to be a significantly normal rule. With little feeling of its idle verse or expressive potential and with creative mind the cantilever could be transformed into the most sentimental and liberated from every auxiliary guideline. These cantilevers show up as though they are the driving sheets, their one end is moored to the stone and opposite end stretches out into space with no vertical help underneath its free end. These arrangement of cantilevers lay on three reinforces and they ascend from the edge of the stream as though stealthily on the side of the cantilevered section of the primary floor. Regardless of whether the house has an abrogating solid flat power communicated through arrangement of patios it never feels strange and it never attempts to engage itself from the nature. The arrangement of porches show up as though they are skimming on the stream. Indeed, even the material utilized for development is defended in each sense. Sandstone utilized gels with the environmental factors which was quarried around 500 feet west of the cascades and because of the unpleasant moving way it showed up as though they are coming out of the rough outcrop. Wright was enlivened from nature and by utilizing glass in windows and dividers he made a space which is indistinguishable from its environmental factors. Glass gave alternate points of view structure inside just as from outside. In the daytime it turns out to be exceptionally intelligent and shows up as mirror like surface made by still and clear lake water, while in the night glass shows up as though it vanished. The intense anticipating cantilevers are made of fortified cement however they reverberation the rough scene. New material helped Wright to manufacture huge gliding patios. Indeed, even the hues which were utilized like the pale ochre shading given to the shafts coordinated with the rear of a fallen rhododendron leaf. You read Parts of Creative Work in class Papers 3 Frank Lloyd Wright’s Fallingwater, the house and its history, copyright 1993 by Dover Publications, Inc. Parts of inventive work: Theory of Conservation Submitted by: Manasi Pundlik, Code: AC-0212 Page 5 At the point when Wright visited the site for first time each part of the structure to be built was obvious to him. He envisioned and structured the house without even a second's pause itself in his brain. Each and every detail in the house adds to the flawless planning. The entire plan to live around the stream and not simply take a gander at it from a separation is entrancing. Mr. Kauffman adored the stream yet nobody at any point thought of building a house there. Wright unassumingly says that â€Å"by method of concentrated idea, the thought is probably going to spring into life at the same time and be finished in the end with the solidarity of a living life form. 4 Thus when I considered the engineering and auxiliary parts of Fallingwater I understood how the modeler was enlivened from the setting and how he envisioned the structure in first site visit and he never strayed from that creative mind. His rule of natural engineering can be found in each part of the structure from p icking the site, planning streaming spaces which follow work as well, to picking right materials to communicate it. Utilization of characteristic material like sandstone with the goal that the structure turns out to be a piece of the scene, and utilization of present day material like strengthened cement for basic security and solid and striking type of porch. Access to the site was astute to the point that while crossing the wooden scaffold and moving toward the passageway of the house you get a sentiment of tough excursion into a private region, despite the fact that the passage was at a rise just six inches higher than the extension roadway. By seeing every one of these angles one can understand the social noteworthiness of the structure. After mechanical development and rise of present day design, ideas of social importance are changed. It doesn’t imply that we don’t regard our social legacy, yet it constrains us to comprehend criticalness in various erspective. These models we concentrate in Indigenous customary engineering and that we concentrate in present day design have totally different criticalness. Present day engineering like Fallingwater has social centrality since it gives us how way of life of India just as entire world has changed after some time. How design changed after some time. How our way of life and de sign advanced because of British principle and furthermore because of trade of thoughts and culture. At the point when we are learning about preservation every one of these perspectives are critical to comprehend a structure. Wright, in the Architectural Forum, 94 (Jan. 1951), p. 93 Aspects of inventive work: Theory of Conservation Submitted by: Manasi Pundlik, Code: AC-0212 Page 6 Replica and memory: Frank Lloyd Wright’s Fallingwater Frank Lloyd Wright was an American planner, conceived in Richland Center, Wisconsin. His mom, Anna Lloyd Wright had an extraordinary impact in forming of his life.. Things which he learned on his uncle’s ranch helped him to identify with nature. The compositional style which he created has a solid belongingness to nature. In starting practice Wright worked with Louis Sullivan and his guideline of Form follows work is likewise observed in Wright’s work. Motivated from standards of Sullivan he made his own style propelled from nature I. e. Natural Architecture, an American style in engineering that even impacted the best European manufacturers of the twentieth century. For Wright, natural engineering should fuse: †¢ Designs dependent on nature Natural structure materials and, Architectural plans that coordinate structures with nature An exemplary case of natural engineering, Fallingwater, made in 1936, at Bear Run, Pennsylvania, grandstands Wright’s abilities and his order on his creative mind. The customer Mr. Kauffma

9 Tips for Last-Minute Christmas Shopping

9 Tips for Last-Minute Christmas Shopping 9 Tips for Last-Minute Christmas Shopping 9 Tips for Last-Minute Christmas ShoppingYou promised yourself: this year it would be different. This would be the year that you got all your Christmas shopping done early, the year you wouldn’t wait until the very last second to buy gifts for your family, friends and loved ones. Sure, putting off Christmas shopping was what you did last year. And the year before that. And the decade before that. But this year, no. This year, things were going to be different.Oops.Now here you sit, on Christmas Eve-Eve-Eve, with a shopping list a mile long and a very un-Christmas-like sense of impending doom. But don’t worry, all hope is not lost. We have shopping tricks and tips, as well as some recommendations for great gifts that you can purchase at the very last second.So take a deep breath, take a big gulp of caffeine, and let’s get to work!1. Amazon PrimeIf you already have Amazon Prime, congratulations! You might have a chance of ordering stuff and having it arrive in time for Christmas. Not only that, but you get free 2-day shipping and could possibly qualify for free one-day or same-day shipping.Receiving your items shipped on-time isn’t a guarantee, though. So be careful. It depends on where you’re having the items shipped to. For instance, OppLoans is headquartered in Chicago, where there are already two local distribution centers (and plans for a third). For us, getting our packages on time is pretty easy. But if you’re located somewhere that isn’t near a distribution center, like in Jackson, MS, it’s going to take your stuff a little longer to get there.For folks who don’t have Amazon Prime, here’s a little trick you can use: sign-up for a free, 30-day trial. You can take advantage of the free-shipping benefits and then cancel your subscription before the trial period is up.2. Order Online, Pick Up In-Store.This option is available through most major retailers, and it’s a great way to make your shopping more efficient. Just select the “pick up in-store” option on their website and then follow the instructions. Usually, they’ll have you go to their Guest/Customer Services area where youll be able to pick up your item.Don’t expect that you’ll be able to pick-up any item in-store, though. In many instances, a retailer will not have that option available for certain items. And sometimes, your local store might simply not have the item you want in stock. (This is one of the downsides of waiting until the last minute.)If you can’t reserve the item online, go ahead and call the store to see if they have the item in stock. You might not be able to reserve it, but you can at least go to the store knowing that they have what you’re looking for. (Doesn’t guarantee that they’ll still have it by the time you get there, but that’s a risk you’ll have to take.) When shopping last-minute, time management is critical.3. Shop During Non-Peak Hours“Non-peak hours” is retail-speak for “really early or really late. ” Basically, don’t go at times when everyone else is going. That way, you won’t have to deal with long lines, and you can hit more stores. It’s really that simple.Ideally, you should be going early. Stores restock overnight, so you’re more likely to find the stuff on your list. Going late at night can mean that the store’s shelves have been entirely picked through by the time you get there. If the store looks to be out of something, make sure you ask the staff to check whether or not they have any remaining units in the back.Here’s one area where major retailers have definitely got your back. A lot of them are extending their hours to accommodate last minute shoppers. Heck, this year Kohl’s is going to be open for 107 hours straight leading up to Christmas.4. Compare Deals and Find DiscountsOne of the big problems with last-minute shopping is that you can end up getting gouged with high prices. If it’s 11:55 pm on Christmas Eve and you’re desperately looking for that new Rogue One toy at Target, you don’t have much of a choice to search for a better price.Luckily, it’s easier than ever now to compare prices between different retailers and locate promo codes that’ll knock your price tag down even further.If you’re looking to compare prices, here are five fantastic website that you can use:PriceGrabber.comGoogle ShoppingShopping.netNextag.comShopzillaLikewise, if you want to find promo codes to help you save, you should check out these five sites:DealNews.comSlickDeals.comRetailMeNot.comBradsDeals.comCouponSherpa.comThere are also a lot of great price comparison apps out there. Just make sure if you use one that it’s not an app designed for comparing prices while you’re shopping at the store. (Most of these include some kind of “bar code scan” feature.) One you’re at the store, you want to be making your purchases and moving on.Hopping from store to store looking for the absolute price is a great strategy for running out of time.5. Keep Your ReceiptsLook, if you’re shopping at the last-minute, you’ve pretty much given up the right to be super picky. This might mean compromising on something like color, extra features, even specific brands. Sometimes, you might just have to make the best purchase available, even if it’s not what your gift recipient specifically requested.However, if the person you’re buying a gift for is the picky type, holding onto the gift receipt is a great way to make sure they can still get what they asked for. Gift receipts don’t include the price tag, and they can make exchanging the gift easy.There is literally no reason to not hold onto your gift receipts. They’re a classic example of something that you’d rather have and not need. Because the reverseâ€"needing them and not having themâ€"is not a pickle you want to find yourself in.6. Gift BoxesIf you’re a regular listener to podcasts (literally any podcast) then you’re probably familiar with gift boxes. These are subscription servicesâ€"some of them weekly, some monthly, other quarterlyâ€"where you get fun/awesome/delicious stuff delivered to your door.Gift boxes have been increasing in popularity for years. At this point, there is pretty much a gift box for everyone. And because the subscription won’t start till 2017, they’re make for perfect last-minute Christmas gifts.Here are some of our favorites:Blue Apron: tasty recipes, easy instructions, and fresh ingredients delivered right to your door. Perfect for someone who wants to cook more but doesn’t have the time, energy or advanced know-how to make it happen.Book(ish) Box: the perfect box for the literary-minded person in your life. Working with small businesses and occasional guest authors, this box delivers 3-5 items and a t-shirt each month that are inspired by a different theme.BarkBox: Every month, they send you different kinds of bark. Just kidding! This is a gift box for dog lovers. Every month they send new toys, treats, and goodies to get those puppy tails a’ wagging.LootCrate: No, this isn’t a crate filled with stolen goods. It’s a box with stuff aimed at gamers and fans of geek culture. Past crates have included items inspired by Labyrinth, The Incredible Hulk, BioShock, and The Fifth Element.DollarShave Club: With a high-quality razors and men’s grooming products delivered on the cheap, this club might be a great way to gently hint to your friend that, no matter how much they try, that moustache they’re growing just ain’t gonna work out.If you didn’t find any of those options particularly inspiring, we recommend you check out CrateJoy.com. If there’s a gift box subscription out there that’s right for you (and for your gift recipient) CrateJoy is the place to find it.7. SubscriptionsInstead of getting that TV or movie lover in your life a single movie or boxset, why not give them access to hundreds of movies and tv shows? Some of the best streaming platforms for TV and movies i nclude:NetflixAmazon Prime VideoHuluSling OrangeOr what about a subscription for the book lover in your life? Some of the top subscription services for eBooks are:Kindle UnlimitedScribdPlaysterOysterFor audiobooks, you should look at:AudibleSimplyAudioBooksOverDriveScribd (again)You could even get a subscription to a newspaper or magazine! Most newspaper subscriptions have a digital only or a digital + Sunday edition. And most magazines have content that is only available for subscribers.8. Gift CardsOkay, so this is a bit of a cop-out. Gift cards are the classic example of a gift someone gets you when they don’t have time to shop for you. When it comes to that special, personal touch, gift cards are most definitely lacking.Here’s the thing about gift cards though: they let you buy things you actually want. People might poo-poo them in theory, but in practice … they’re pretty dang nice.Most gift cards can be purchased at a discount too. Take a look at the deal finder and pro mo code sites listed earlier in this article; most of them will have gift card discounts that can help you stretch your holiday shopping budget just a little bit further.A good place to find gift card discounts IRL is at your local gas station. No really! They use discounted cards as a way to encourage people to shop there. We bet you never thought that buying Christmas gifts at the gas station could turn out to be such a good idea!9. ExperiencesMany of the best things in our life aren’t actually things at all. They’re experiences. Think about buying your friend or loved one a package for a spa day, tickets to see their favorite band or sports team, or a gift certificate for their favorite restaurant.Groupon.com has a ton of deals for spas, restaurants, concerts, plays, sports events and other (sometimes weirder) types of experiences. And they’re not the only game in town either. Take some time to think about what kind of stuff your gift-recipient likes to do, and then take so me more time to hunt down the perfect experience that you can buy for them.Even though the clock is ticking down, we can assure you that the time you take to figure this out will be time well spent. Plus, once you’ve decided, making the purchase itself is just a few clicks away.Good luck, last-minute shoppers! And remember: next year, it’ll be different.

Theme Of Madness In King Lear - 976 Words

Being betrayed by a loved one causes an alteration in one’s behaviour, such that it leads to one going mad. Betrayal alters the mindset as to how one thinks, feels, and reacts to certain situations. The feeling of betrayal causes rage, sympathy, and confusion. In a time where hierarchy rules over all the people of such land, there is evidence that proves conflict arises between characters and their surroundings, depicting how madness is the result. Ruler of the land, King Lear, betrayed by those he loves, struggles to continue on his life through means of sanity. In William Shakespeare’s play King Lear, madness is brought about through one’s power of authority, self-esteem, and internal conflict. Madness, as a result, is seen when one†¦show more content†¦King Lear uses the power he holds to send away two beloved people, one with prudence would know how foolish such actions are. Irony plays a substantial role in Shakespeare’s meaning of sanity in relation to power; how two wise and honest characters are banished by one whose thoughts and power drives the betrayal by means of madness. A lack of self-esteem causes for one to think less of himself, and a high self-esteem causes one to stand with confidence. In Shakespeare’s King Lear, Lear’s lacks a high self-esteem causing insecurities. Since his daughters Goneril, Regan, and Cordelia must admit their love for Lear, it proves to readers that Lear needs confirmation in order to truly satisfy his mind. This need for satisfaction is eventually a cause of conflict, as right away, when Lear states, â€Å"tell me my daughters, which of you shall we say doth love us most† (1.1.50-53) one can then see his insecurities. Those with low self-esteem create mental notes that result in a matter of conflict; a sort of craziness builds up; madness. Lear, thinking Cordelia betrays him as she explains, â€Å"I love your Majesty According to my bond, no more nor less†(1.1.95) with no direct answer, Cordelia’s response is an act of betrayal yet her love is real, unlike her sisters. Her response cause s for her father to feel unworthy, and self conscious. One can go mad when the reality does not meet the individual’s needs. Cordelia, being unableShow MoreRelatedThe Theme of Madness in King Lear1243 Words   |  5 Pagesis to be insane and to have a disordered mind. Throughout King Lear, there are several different characters who one would question if they are in an orderly state of mind. The Earl of Kent, Edgar, the Fool, and King Lear all portray varying degrees of madness. Some have alternative motives behind their madness while others are simply losing touch with reality around them. The Earl of Kent is a close advisor to King Lear. Lear decides to split up his kingdom between his two daughters, ReganRead MoreShakespeares Use of Madness as a Theme in King Lear2035 Words   |  9 Pages Edgar first assumes the disguise of Poor Tom as Lear and the Earl of Gloucester enter the cave in which Edgar is hiding. Since Edgar was banished, similar to Kent, who is also present later in this act, he must conjure up a disguise. Why does Edgar chose the repulsive beggar that Poor Tom is? Well, remember that Poor Tom represents the popular belief of the insane during the Elizabethan era. Therefore, he is the perfect disguise. No one would ever suspect Poor Tom of being Edgar, because Edgar isRead MoreCompare and Contrast Essay on King Lear and Macbeth909 Words   |  4 Pagestragedies which included King Lear and Macbeth. All of Shakespeare’s plays had a theme which was used to help the story’s plot to advance further, making events much more interesting. 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Organisational Change - Kuwait Oil Company - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2870 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Organizational Change Executive Summary: This study gives an overview of the organization which was taken for study. This study discusses the internal and external changes that take place in the Kuwait Oil Company. The external changes that take place outside the Kuwait Oil Company were found out to be technical changes, employment relationship and workplace communication. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Organisational Change Kuwait Oil Company" essay for you Create order Internal change factors are identified as Labour force trends and development in employment laws. The eight steps in the change process are also discussed in this study. This discussion includes the changes that were caused by the following: Labour force trends Development in employment laws Workplace communication Technological changes The employment relation Various changes that can be adapted to make the Kuwait Oil Company as a successful one are discussed at the end of each section. Training and communication are the two factors which minimize the negative actions of the change. Contents External Environment Changes: Labour force trends: Changes in the employment law: Internal Environment changes: Workplace communication: Technological changes: The employment relationship: Conclusion: Bibliography Introduction: Kuwait Oil Company came into being in year 1934. The company is actually an Anglo enterprise with the participation of English and Middle East people in its set up. The company therefore came into being with the joint efforts of BP or British Petroleum and Gulf Oil Corporation which is now called Chevron. The major activities of the company include oil exploration, drilling and development of well that extracts oil and natural gas from the earth floor. The major part of the production of the company goes in export to other countries in the Middle East, Europe and Asia. At present the Kuwait government has complete 100% stake and control over the Kuwait Oil Company. The company was taken over wholly by the government in year 1975. This way the company at present is a wholly owned government enterprise. The structure of the company is as follows. (KuwaitOilCompany, 2014) External Environment Changes: The things that happen outside an organization is known as external factors.These external factors affect the internal function of a business.The objectives and strategies of a business can be affected by these external factors.External factors which affect the business are listed below: Social factor Legal factor Economical factor Technical factor Competitors These external changes cannot be controlled by any organization. (Hillstrom, 2006)Labour force trends and changes in the employment law are the external factors we are going to discuss in this study. Labour force trends: Any change in the labour force trend cannot be controlled by any organization.Kuwait Oil Company also cannot control the changes that are ongoing in the labour force trends.The labour force trend has a greater impact on the performance of Kuwait Oil Company.Each and every employee in an organization does not possess the same age, education, skill and gender.An organization must have the capacity to manage these characteristics in order to receive maximum contribution and commitment from their employees. A highly educated employee may not have a required skill to accomplish a task, in such case it is the duty of the HR manger to guide and train the employee to accomplish the task provided to him.Objectives of an organization cannot be achieved when an employee lacks certain skills required for doing a particular task. The HR department can effectively control the issues emerging from the labour force trends.The conflict between the human beings is inevitable because human beings are unique with their own mindsets.These problems stem from employee perceptions about their work environment and conflict between an employee and organizational needs. It is the responsibility of the organization to adopt certain changes to find the solutions of this conflicts.With the help of various approaches to job design like implementing realistic job previews and by reducing the employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s role conflict, stress, work overload and ambiguity, the problem caused due to labour trends can be effectively addressed (DiCecio, 2008). The issues that emerged in Kuwait Oil Company due to labour force trends are discussed below: Issues: Lack of skills When the employee gets promoted he may lack education qualification. Attrition rate Solutions to the issues caused due to labour force trends are discussed below: Kuwait Oil Company can adopt a proper HR policy.Performance appraisal can be used to review the performance of employees working for Kuwait Oil Company.Based on the results of performance appraisal program employees can be given training to achieve their personal goals as well as organizational goals and objectives.Attrition rate in the Kuwait Oil Company is due to the retirement of senior employees as well as resignation of other employees.A suitable recruitment policy can be adopted by the employees to close the vacancies that arise due to the retirement as well as resignation of employees of the Kuwait Oil Corporation. Changes in the employment law: A small change in the employment law affects the performance of the organization to a greater extent.Based on the employment law HR department can take care of the changes to be done in the Kuwait Oil Company.HR department can revise the contract of each employees based on the changes that are implemented in the employment law.It is the duty of the HR department to check out the working conditions and safety measures of the Kuwait Oil Company. The HR department must ensure the safety level of the employees.The HR department checks the recruitment to the retirement process is as specified by the employment law of Kuwait. Compensation to the employees is given as per the employment law. As per the employment law of Kuwait, the HR department of Kuwait oil Company must give priority to the Kuwait nationals in the recruitment process. The terms and conditions present in contract are based on the employment law of the employment law of Kuwait. Proper communication channel can be used to communicate about the recent development in the employment laws to the empoloyees.Changes in the policies of the organizations due to the employment law must be communicated to the employees.When there is a change in the employment law regarding the safety and security measures it is the responsibility of the Kuwait Oil Company to implement these changes.When there is a change in the policy related to salary, Kuwait Oil Company management identifies the change and take necessary steps to implement the change in their organization. Internal Environment changes: The changes in the internal environment are proactive and occur due to organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s own policies. Internal forces for change come from the organization.Some internal changes are: Technology changes Workplace communication Employment relationship Workplace communication: Communication commonly means transmission of commonly meaningful information.Communication in work place may be either oral communication or written communication. (Von, 2013) Communication function in organizations: Communication is the number one tool in organizations.It is the most powerful tool and significant characteristic of man kind.Nothing will happen without communication.Sucess of any management depends more on their ability to communicate with labour.Communication is nothing but the process of interchanging facts, view points and ideas between person placed in different positions by effective communication.Effective communication only will lead the team to work satisfactorily in the organization. (Von, 2013) Importance: For ensuring good coordinations,communication is a must.Most of the problems for human occur due to lack of communication.Communication is the process of initiating,transmitting and receiving information.Among these three stages,if any one la cks, definitely it will lead to misunderstanding of concept. (Von, 2013) There are a number of thoughts and concepts related to communication. The process of communications includes the following steps that are followed by Kuwait Oil Company. From the above diagram it is clear that the message from sender gets encoded and then sent through the message channel. Thereafter on reaching the right place it is decoded and then received by the appropriate person. The message receiver mostly gives the feedback. It should be noticed here that any interference is the whole process should remain out and should not disturb the whole process. Need for communication: To establish and spread goals of an enterprise widely. To develop plans for further achievement. To organize human and other resources in the most effective and efficient way. To lead,direct,motivate and create a good working environment. (Von, 2013) Communication flow in the organization: Communication flows in three directions in the Kuwait Oil Company.They are: Downward communication Upward communication Horizontal or lateral communication Downward communication: In this type the information is sent from the higher level to the lower level.The communication may be oral or written type.Oral communications are instructions,speeches,meetings,telephone,loudspeakers and written communications are memoranda,letter,handbooks,pamphlets,policy statements,procedures and electronic news display.Sometimes information may loss as it comes down the chain of command and it consumes move time.So feedback system is necessary for this type of communication. (Von, 2013) In the Kuwait Oil Company communication flows downward when the superior gives instruction about the work to be done by the subordinate.When the management communicate their objectives and policies to the subordinates we can experience a downward flow of communication. Upward communication: Upward communication flows from subordinates to superior as per organizational hierarchy.There is a chance of passing irrelevant information to their boss.The information may be modified or filtered from real think.The top level management can know about the production performance,marketing information and financial data and so on.This upward communication is mainly applicable for participative and democratic organization.The informations may be in the form of suggestion, appeal and grievances,complaints,counseling,group meeting,open-door policy,morale questionnaires,exit interviews and ombuds person. (Von, 2013) In the upward communication the subordinates give feedback about their superiors. In the Kuwait Oil Company the informations may be in the form of suggestion, appeal and grievances,complaints,counseling,group meeting,open-door policy,morale questionnaires,exit interviews and ombuds person. Horizontal or lateral communication: The information is passed between the same level of organization.This type of communication is mainly implemented in peed-flow information.It helps to better understanding of information and to coordinate towa rds the management goal.In Kuwait Oil Company lateral communication is followed between departments. Communication can be either oral or written.Written communication is passing of information in writing from one person to another through posters,circulars,leaflets,etc.In oral communication information is passed on orally from one person to another.It can be done by face to face, in meetings or by telephone etc. (Von, 2013) Barriers to effective communication in Kuwait Oil Company: Following are the barriers for effective communication: Physical barriers Personal barriers Organizational barriers Semantic barriers Mechanical barriers Physical barriers: It includes physical distance,distracting noises and other interferences.Difficulty in passing of message mainly increases with increase in physical distance. Personal barriers: It arrives from motives,attitudes,judgement and emotions.Finally it leads to psychological distances.It may be caused due to problems in encoding and decoding others sentiments,attitudes and motives. Organizational barriers: Usually information flows through hierarchical structure in organization in downward communication.So, there are many chances of information being filtered. Semantic barriers: It refers to the relationship of signs to their reference.It arises due to limitations of the symbolic system.Symbols may reach a personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s brain through any of the senses such as feeling or hearing.Generally,symbols may be classified as language,picture or action. (Von, 2013) Mechanical barriers: It includes inadequate arrangement for transmission of n ews,facts and figures,poor office layout,defective procedure as and practices. Following rules can be followed for effective communication in Kuwait Oil Company: The information to be passed must be simple and clear. A two way communication channel can be created. A mutual twist and relationship to open cordial can be developed. A proper time can be chosen to deliver the message. Regular feedback can be taken from the subordinates by the superiors. Empathetic listening can be induced by Kuwait Oil Company. Try to develop flexibility and customize the message according to the need of the audience. Technological changes: The Technological changes include the coming of new technologies, new products and services and various other innovations. The technological progress has a serious impact on the organisational change. The organisation change thus requires to be made as per the competitive technological change in the industry. The use of latest machines, high outputs, more variety and various other features needs to be added in the production process so as to make the product and service. Inability to bring about the technological change would result in no orders for the company, comparatively lesser output and lesser profits for the organisation. Thus brining technological change is the need of the hour so as to fight back competition and sustain in the business. Moreover the technological upgrades bring with them high quality, high output and proves to be more cost effective. Thus organisation in search of all the above features need to bring technological upgrades so as to improve its position in the industry and bring itself to a comfortable level of business and thereon profit margins. (Bakker Schaufeli, 2008).Both manufacturing and service organizations are increasingly using technology as a means to improve productivity and market competitiveness. Kuwait Oil Company uses technology at the bottom level of management to the high level of management. Technology is used in refining and also in decision making process.Technology change include a change in the problem solving and decision making approach and changing service methods.When the Kuwait Oil Company implement new technology, employees are not aware of the new technology.So the management of Kuwait Oil Company can provide a training to their employee in carrying out their work with the help of new technology.Kuwait Oil Company can hire well trained professionals and engineers to rectify the errors that occur in their refining machines and information technology used by them.By using advanced technology Kuwait Oi l Company can achieve its goals and objectives.It can be also able to produce quality products to its customers. The employment relationship: Employment relationship is the legal link shared by the employer and the employee.The relationship between the employer and employee is based on mutual dependency. It is the duty of every employer to treat their employee with proper respect.We can witness conflict and problems in organizations with good policies. Employment relationship can be affected by the following: Breaching the employment agreement Disputes over application of an agreement Unfair bargaining Compliance with the employment law Management style Communication Arrears of wages In order to prevent greater loss these problems must be solved at the initial stage or else it may cause greater loss to both the employees and the employers. (development, 2005) The employer and the employee can try to solve the disputes between them before taking the assistance of Employment Relation Authority. In Kuwait Oil Company, the common problem that occurs in the employment relation is the breach of employment law. In such situation the employer can discuss with the trade union of to sort out the issues if the issue could not be settled they can seek the help of the Employment relation authority.The employment relation can be also affected by the work place conflicts.Workplace conflicts include pay, working hours, performance issues, different goals, misunderstanding between the employer and the employee, issues regarding workload, profession, health and safety and level of cooperation. (development, 2005) The issues which change the equation of employment relations hip are issues related to working hours, workload issues and misunderstanding between the employees and employers due to salary.The following methods can be adopted to sort out the issues that arise due to the employment relationship: Maintaining proper communication channel to reduce misunderstanding. Hiring more workers to reduce the workload and working hours of the existing employees. Conclusion: Rapid change in the technology also affects the business process. . In this study changes such as workforce trends, developments in employment law, workplace communication, technological change and employment relation. Labour force trends are identified as age, education, skill level and gender of employees. The issues which arise due to labour force trends were found out to be lack of skill and education and high retirement rates. These issues can be avoided by providing proper training to the employees. Any development or changes in the employment laws can be implemented with the help of HR department. The communication in the Kuwait Oil Company is affected due to physical barriers such as noisy transmission and inconsistency in communication. These issues can be avoided by following an effective communication method. Bibliography Bakker, A.B. Schaufeli, W.B., 2008. Positive organizational behavior: Engaged employees in flourishing organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior, pp.147-54. development, c.i.o.p.a., 2005. Change agenda. DiCecio, R., 2008. Changing Trends in the Labor Force: A Survey. FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF ST. LOUIS REVIEW. Hillstrom, 2006. USlegal. [Online] Available at: https://definitions.uslegal.com/m/managing-organizational-change/ [Accessed 15 December 2013]. KuwaitOilCompany, 2014. Board of Directors. [Online] Available at: https://www.kockw.com/sites/EN/Pages/Profile/Leadership/Boards-of-Directors.aspx [Accessed 20 April 2014]. Von, J.W., 2013. nwlink. [Online] Available at: https://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/leader/leadcom.html [Accessed 15 December 2013]. 1 | Page

The Effects Of Domestic Violence On The Lives Of...

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An onlookers view of Pro Choice amongst women Essay Example For Students

An onlookers view of Pro Choice amongst women Essay Many clinics provide abortion services for women with unplanned or uncontrollable pregnancies. Some women find themselves with an unplanned pregnancy rather than an uncontrollable one. Unplanned in fact that a contraceptive failed, or may not have been easily accessible: uncontrolled in the sense of factors being greater than limited contraception. Abortion has been performed in many clinics as a treatment for unfit or unhealthy women, and for women who may have been molested or raped. Abortion shouldnt be used as a form of contraception, nor should womens lives be sacrificed to bear an infant before morally ready to commit. If a woman is raped, and the outcome incurs pregnancy, then abortion is an alternate form of controlling the unwanted pregnancy. Abortion should stand as only the womans choice, never as a decision adverse to Pro-Life activists. 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It is not known in the early stages of pregnancy if the fetus will be born without abnormalities, or defects. Therefor, it is impossible to state that the fetus would ever even see a FLO. It is wrong to kill peaceful or harmless persons, as Marquis argues, the FLO account of the wrongness of killing is correct because it explains why we believe that killing is one of the worst of crimes.(141) Would it also be wrong to place an individual in the world that is handicapped, deformed, or otherwise incompetent? Abortion is an inexpensive procedure to prevent this from occurring. If a woman knows that the fetus will more than likely not have a FLO, then she is correct in deciding on terminating her pregnancy. The determinants to this would be from being unfit or unplanned. 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Alternatives to Nuclear Energy free essay sample

Risky Nuclear Energy Nuclear energy is a bargain on the short run; it is cheap, produces a lot of power, and a nuclear plant can be built virtually anywhere. The plant does not give off any carbon dioxide or sulfur, but unfortunately, the good news ends here. Nuclear Energy produces a by-product called radioactive waste, or spent fuel rods, and can be dangerously radioactive for more than four hundred human generations. Fortunately, there are alternatives that provide clean, cheap energy without the use of radioactive elements. A newly developed power plants that runs off of spent fuel cells and geothermal power can be solutions to nuclear energy. Even though alternatives such as reused uranium and geothermal power can be solutions, they have a few drawbacks such as location and distance, but the advantages outweigh the disadvantages and are much safer to operate than nuclear energy. Nuclear energy makes up 20% of the United States electricity and provides 17% of the worlds electricity (EPA. We will write a custom essay sample on Alternatives to Nuclear Energy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page gov, Nuclear Power). Although nuclear reactors do not produce greenhouse gasses, mining and refining uranium requires large amounts of energy. If Transatomics reactor is built, it would capture 98 percent of the energy in spent fuel pellets, meet the nations energy needs for 70 years, and makes the radioactive waste inert within a couple of hundred years (David Ferris). Although radiation meltdown is and other nations. Instead fuel calls lasting more than four hundred generations, it might Just last for only four. Another solution to nuclear power and oil drilling is geothermal power. Using hot water from deep underground, geothermal energy might provide a cheaper alternative to diesel (Loy). Geothermal power utilizes heat from the Earth to superheat water and create enough steam to power a generator. The heated water is then fed back into the Earth to replenish the supply and continue the process. Power is generated similarly in nuclear and geothermal power plants. Both use heat to increase the temperature of water and then send the steam to drive a turbine. The only difference between the two is that nuclear power plants uses dangerous nonrenewable fuel while geothermal power uses the heat of the Earth, an almost inexhaustible source of energy. Geothermal power plants have to be located next to or above specific locations with high hot springs underneath. This is a problem in some countries because it either has no hot underground reservoirs or geothermal areas are too far away from urban centers, where electricity is needed the most. Although location is a drawback, the only potential danger from a geothermal power plant is a pressure exposition from one of the income pipes or pressure tanks. In the event of a pressure exposition, the only gas released into the atmosphere is water vapor and flying debris. It does not have the potential to spread cancer to thousands or harm more than 6 million people. An addition to clean, safe power, the plant can be hidden underground because it does not produce any emissions such as carbon dioxide or even water vapor. All the gasses are contained in the tubes and chambers, allowing the plant to be able to operate in confined areas. This can enable power plants to be built in pristine locations or urban centers without affecting the wildlife or busy traffic on the surface. Nuclear energy should not be there future of the worlds power source. Although it is a cheaper alternative to renewable resources, it is many times more environmentally costly and can affect millions of peoples lives if an accident were to occur. Nuclear power has developed over the decades, but I think we should let go of this last-century source and move on to more earth-friendly alternatives. Many power companies use power from renewable sources such as solar or wind, you can help change the course of America by switching power companies or contacting your local politicians about changing our infrastructure for the better.

search for excellence essays

search for excellence essays There are countless Greek inventors, scientists, and athletes, whose life history of intellectual or athletic excellence prior to becoming wealthy is itself proof of the possibility of gaining such excellence without necessarily being born wealthy. Example is Thales and Benjamin Franklin. Greeks showed that they were not only theater goers, but also invented many forms of theater still used today (such as, drama, comedy, and tragedy). Plays were used for education, as they still do today. They invited young people to adult events, where there were lots of opportunities for learning through emulation by the young. In such situations, adults usually acted uprightly in their capacity as role models.They also used statues of heroes as role models. Greeks used a informal educational system of expert teachers, who provided both an excellent education, and a model of excellence in learning. Democracy, itself a political invention of the ancient Greeks, in the sense of being consciously practiced, allows us today to have freedom of speech, without personal or political repercussions. This freedom, opens doors for putting to use our newly discovered abilities to think critically without fear of some punishment. Buildings also showed the excellence of he people. There buildings influenced agriculture in the west for centuries. Just as the Greek Olympics, our Olympics are still an enduring symbol of the best the world has to offer. We beleive in the Olympic Games, because we beleive in excellence. We honor the contestants of the games, because they are excellent often the most excellent in the world. They have formed excellence through continually improving their ablities. When we hire people, we want the best performers that we can afford. When we marry someone, we want the best person who will have us. Its only natural that we choose to seek excellence in what we do. The Olympic athletes who are...

Recruitment at Jenny's Coffee Shop Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Recruitment at Jenny's Coffee Shop - Assignment Example Human resource department must always ensure that the best kind of employees with creative mind and analytical understanding of issues are hired to the organization. (Gilmore & Williams, 2009) Recruitment Plan and Strategy To get the top talent in the market and to stay ahead of the curve, it is prudent that the recruitment strategy is aligned with the business plan. The plan adopted should always ensure that it takes into consideration qualities needed for the top management, departmental management and the store level. Top Management This strategy will focus its attention on competing coffee shops around. An expertise referral will also be taken into consideration. This plan will be adopted since the managerial team requires someone with very high experience and at least has an experience in working within the Coffee shops. These talents can only be gotten from competing firms. Departmental Management Level I will employ campus recruiting since it is a level whereby we have profess ionals reinforcing departmental decisions. Individuals can also be recruited from other firms not necessarily coffee shops. This brings individuals with very good mind set who knows what should be done to ensure cohesion and success within the departments. Students can also be recruited on internship basis. ... A necessary training is necessary for the team to ensure that they understand and appreciate the quality assurance policies of the coffee shop. Communication Message Jenny's Coffee Shop is one of the shop outlets with branches across United States. We are offering varied line of beverages in our various outlets across. We are currently expanding to other regions. Jenny's Coffee Shop offers services are tailored to meet our customer’s wants. We are glad to offer exciting and challenging positions to various individuals who meet the requirements as listed below. Apart from the academic and professional qualifications as listed, the applicant must possess the following attributes Personal Attributes High level of integrity Honesty Strong analytical skills Must be able to work under minimal supervision Strong communication skills Computer knowledge is a prerequisite (Guest, 2011). Senior Manager He/she will be in charge of daily overall operations within the shop and ensure coordi nation’s within the shop. He/ She must be a holder of a university degree from a recognized institution in any business related field with a bias in management. More than three years experience in a hospitality industry is must Proven past leadership skills Departmental managers They will be in charge of different departments. Must possess a university degree in either business related field, hotel management, accounting and computer science Must possess at least one year experience within the department he/ she is applying. Barista/ Shop Assistant They will be in charge of serving customers and also preparing coffee besides other beverages Basic education is a requirement. An experience in coffee shops is an added advantage. If you are interested in any of the above

Orlando Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Orlando - Essay Example he novel, by choosing not to grow old during the three centuries time span of the storyline and most importantly changing gender from male to female, is depicted in such a manner as to provoke the reader’s thought by sincerely analyzing all aspects of the two sexes’ behavioral attributes. Although Woolf’s work of Orlando is a passionate depiction based on the life of her friend and lover Vita Sackville-West as it was originally intended to be, the novel gives us a far more illustrative view of the world concerning gender specifics, sexuality and human nature as it had been during the second half of the previous millennium. According to Wikipedia, the novel can be read as a ‘roman à   clef’ which is a work of literature describing real life, behind a faà §ade of fiction and where the main character is usually a famous personality, or in some cases, the author. Woolf has used immense material from the writings of Vita as a basis for her own novel. Even though the main character here is based on the life of Vita, using the overtones of fiction and the liberties made available through fantasy, Woolf was able to construct a well documented biography of Vita, without subjecting herself to criticism or controversy. Themes such as homosexuality have bee n subtly brought into the picture by fictionalizing the real life character as a male who transforms into a female later on. This show the ingeniousness of Virginia Woolf, as most other works of English fiction directly approaching the subject of homosexuality had been banned during her years. Therefore even though she has titled her work as a biography, the novel has been classified as fiction, and this shows how Woolf had intended to cross the boundaries set between fiction and non-fiction with Orlando, â€Å"so the novel is not only about trans-gender, but also trans-genre, so to speak.† (Wikipedia) The book offers us considerable insight into the study and comparison between the male and female mind, as Woolf

How death penalty can prevent repeat offenders

How death penalty can prevent repeat offenders Sentence to death penalty seldom arises in criminal cases like murder, robbery with violence, forgery amongst others. This paper shall look into: How death penalty can prevent repeat offenders, how it provides justice, how it acts as deterrent when properly implemented, the costs associated to the victims and the offenders; and finally how the long justice process associated with it affect or help the offended. Origin of death penalty This is dated back to 18th century, in the code of king Hammaurabi of Babylon that involved death penalty of 25 different cases. Death penalty was as well part of 14th Century B.Cs Hittite Code, this made death penalty as the punishment for crimes, and such were done through beating, stoning, and burning alive and other crude methods  [1]  . This was later replaced with hanging. The cases that led to death penalties included marrying a Jew, failure to confess sins and treason; these mainly took place in Britain. In Britain, this law was reformed due to severity of the death sentence; this took place in1823 to 1837 by allowing a number of offenders free. Britain influenced America to adopt the capital punishment even for the slightest crime like stealing the grapes .Though in US it varied from state to state. A leading Case of death Penalty In Clark Circuit Court, a case involving a 23 year old Christian and her 11 month baby. These were allegedly murdered by Zachariah the husband and the father of the victims. He stuffed the two in a plastic bag. Autopsy revealed the wife was strangled to death and the child died out of suffocation. Meanwhile Zachariah was out on supervised probation on charges of burglary  [2]  . He admitted to have committed the crime; pled guilty of three counts of murder, and was sentence to life imprisonment with no parole on count, life imprisonment with no parole on count, and 65 years of imprisonment on a fixed term on count. Death Penalty prevents future offenders or murderers The society must lead in fighting for the fundamental rights and freedom of people and this include right to life and hence anyone trying to take this away should be capitally punished to avoid those prospecting to commit the same  [3]  . According to a report by Michigan State University Lab and Death Penalty Information Centre, 2000 -2004.The rates of murders reduces with more convictions of murderers. Though the slow process of justice delays determination of the case affecting the outcome; death penalties need to be fast to be a sure way of deterring the criminals. Ironically, some states do not have death penalties and still record lower criminal cases, but this should not be used as an argument for this vice. This, if allowed for example in the U.S; things can be worst; in that even with death penalties crime rates are still high. Generally, this report concludes that most people fear death and hence death penalty can be used to prevent further criminal acts in the society. Death Penalty does not prevent future offenders or murderers In the above report, it is believed that the society isnt happy with death penalties, and hence its practice may increase the likelihood of more murders. In America, states that do not apply the death penalties have generally lower crime rates including murder cases. Besides, in most European countries and in Canada there are fewer cases of murder compared to the America yet; they do not use the death penalty as the capital punishment for murder. Most of the offenders normally do not consider the death penalty before the actual murder because they commit this out of anger or through drug influence. In America it is reported that most the murder related cases are link to substance abuse. Infact, most states in America have adopted the sentence of life in jail without parole, and hence the offenders will never be released thereby; the security of the society is assured, most of whom tend to settle down in life as prisoners and are rarely a threat again to the community, as opposed to d eath penalty that society perceive to be brutal and in human. Alternatives to death penalty The death penalty has been an issue of great concern among most of the Americans and policymakers have been trying to devise alternatives. The various alternatives have been contested heavily by both the proponents and the opponents. However, there is an overarching concern among most of the America and that the death penalty must be dispensed with and this emanates from both the moral and legal platforms. According to opinion polls carried out in America today there a strong support for the abolition of the death penalty and most of the Americans are advocating for its abolition. The death penalty has been blamed for being used as a tool of racial injustice in the criminal justice system. Alternatives to death penalty include: life imprisonment without parole and restitution, this is less costly than death sentence an keeps the offender away from the society. Restitution, the prisoner will be working while in jail and all the money made goes back to support the family of the victim. Another solution though, controversial is allowing the offenders after serving the jail term to go back to the society where they continue working in the community to support victims family post-release restitution. Rehabilitation or reformatories can also be put in place, this has been used to reform young offenders under the age of twenty; turning their lives around  [4]  . It is as well suggested to be applied to reform the older offenders. Costs of death penalty Privately appealing a capital offence is expensive and hence the poor may not be able get justice, tax money is also used to keep offenders in jail of whom some may be innocent. Most of the offenders and their relatives suffer emotional stress during the slow justice process  [5]  . The death penalty is regarded as an excessive to law and is socially and morally degrading. Recommendations Life is regarded extremely sacred in the society, this does not matter how one kills another. Hanging one in name of crime, however much it could be legal sparks debate. The alternative death penalties described in this paper should not be used by offenders as a gap to commit crime. I still recommend stiffer penalties that could help deter further criminal activities. The rehabilitation and reformation recommendations is a good idea because in most cases under -age offenders involved in such crimes may have acted oblivious of the outcome or accidentally; and hence this opportunity can be used to mould their character other than throwing them to jail; on the contrary , this should not used as a correction tool to adult murderers. Life imprisonment without parole and restitution may be another noble alternative; but it may present a lop-hole in post-release restitution; where the offenders if not supervised well could revert to their usual criminal act. Conclusion This paper has generally discussed death sentence and its results in the society in broader terms. The main issue that, compromises this situation is the enaction of the idea in some countries or states while others do not see it as a good way for correcting a criminal. The option taken by a nation to deter murder should not go against the social ethics or believe; that life is God given. Both schools of thoughts against or for death penalty; should try to reach a common ground to avoid escalarating criminal activities or increasing mortality rate by; either failing to create measures to curb illegality or hanging the murderers respectively.However one fact stands out from the debate, that the death penalty has failed to achieve the intended results that it was intended to and as a result there is a general need for its complete abolition.

The Arguments Surrounding Media Bias Essay -- Communication, Fairness

Whether it is through a newspaper, television, magazines or talk radio, people will always communicate through some type of medium. Now, whether or not the mediums are tainted with bias is a question of beliefs. Some people argue that journalism today is rather fair and balanced, while others would vehemently oppose that view by saying that bias is definitely prevalent in news media and other mediums today. In some instances, there lies the belief that the fairness doctrine should be reestablished in order to mend the problem of bias; however, many would strenuously fight that by arguing that such an act would destroy the freedom of the press guaranteed under the first amendment. Another argument surrounding this issue is the expectation of journalists to be as objective to each issue as possible. Contrary to this, people argue that it isn’t possible to be completely objective. Many arguments surround the issue of media bias. Today, many argue for the return and enforcement of the Fairness Doctrine. The doctrine was established in 1934. It required that anyone who had a broadcasting license had to present both sides of an issue. Broadcasters, however, had the opportunity to decide how long they would cover the â€Å"other side† (â€Å"The Broadcasting Fairness Doctrine† 3). Dave Johnson, a columnist for the Huffington Post, argued back in 2009, for the revival of the fairness doctrine. In his column, he writes that the fairness doctrine would reintroduce the idea that the public owns the resources of the country, the laws, and has the power to tell corporations what to do instead of them telling the public what to do (Johnson Par. 4). Alan Sears, a former federal prosecutor for the Reagan administration and current president and CEO ... ...n nearly enough. Media Bias may be considered either a serious problem or no problem at all. Some may feel that it is the Journalists responsibility to assure that no bias makes it into the news and that they should be as objective as possible. However, there are those who argue that journalists should not be expected to be as objective as possible because it is not realistic to believe that it can be accomplished. Then there is the argument to revive the Fairness Doctrine, or to keep it abolished forever for fear that the freedom of speech will be threatened if it is brought back to life. The media is an entity of its own. It is controlled and operated by a few people. The journalists under them willingly reflect the beliefs of their bosses into their works in order to keep their jobs. The harm in all of this depends on the influence it has on each individual.

Fluke, or, I Know Why the Winged Whale Sings Chapter 15~16

CHAPTER FIFTEEN A Song for Your Supper Amy picked the whale. It had been a stressful morning for her, and Quinn wanted to convey his complete confidence in her, so he handed over the headphones and took directions as they narrowed down which of their whales was actually the singer. â€Å"Wait a second,† Amy said. â€Å"Shut down the engine.† And then she did something that Quinn had seen no one do for twenty-five years, and then it had been his mentor, Gerard Ryder, who most people agreed had been eccentric to the point of being full-blown bat shit. Amy hung over the side by her knees and put her head in the water. After about thirty seconds she swung up, spraying a great crest of seawater all over the boat, then pointed north. â€Å"He's over there.† â€Å"That doesn't work, you know,† said Quinn. It was pretty much accepted that humans didn't have directional hearing underwater. He was just gently trying to remind her. â€Å"Go that way. That's where our whale is.† â€Å"Okay, there may indeed be a singer over there, but you didn't locate him by hearing him.† She just stood there next to him – dripping on his feet, the console, the field notes – looking at him. â€Å"Okay, I'm going.† He started the engine and pushed the throttle over. â€Å"Tell me when I get there.† A couple of minutes later Amy signaled for him to cut the engine, and she was hanging over the side with her head in the water while the boat was still coasting. â€Å"Well, this is just stupid,† Nate said while Amy was submerged. Amy dedunked long enough to say, â€Å"I heard that.† â€Å"Looks like you're bobbing for whales, is what it looks like.† â€Å"Shut up,† said Amy, up for a breath. â€Å"I'm trying to listen.† â€Å"You look like that cartoon character in ‘B.C. that used to watch fish all day.† â€Å"That way,† said Amy, up again, pointing and dog-shaking the water out of her hair onto the Ph.D. â€Å"About six hundred yards.† â€Å"Six hundred yards? You're sure?† â€Å"Give or take fifty.† â€Å"If we're within a half mile of a singer, I'll buy you dinner.† † ‘Kay. What do you suppose the freight is to fly a lobster from Maine to my plate in Lahaina?† â€Å"I'm not going to need to know that.† â€Å"Drive the boat, please. Over there.† And she pointed again, not unlike Babe Ruth indicating the Wrigley Field fence over which he would hit the famous promised home run (except Amy was thin, a girl, and alive). Quinn heard the singer even before they put the hydrophone in the water. The whole boat started resonating to the song as they coasted into a drift. Amy hopped up on the bow and pointed to some white spots dancing below the surface – pectoral fins and a tail. â€Å"There he is!† If there had been a crowd, they would have gone wild. Quinn smiled. Amy looked back at him and grinned. â€Å"Steak and lobster,† she said. â€Å"Something red and French and expensive for the wine, something on fire for dessert – don't care what it is, long as there's flames coming off it – then a backrub before I send you back to your cabin alone, disappointed and confused. Ha!† â€Å"It's a date,† said Quinn. â€Å"No, it's not a date. It's a bet, which you have lost miserably because you had the audacity to doubt me, and for which you shall remain ever sorry. Ha!† â€Å"Shall we work now? Or would you like to gloat a bit longer?† â€Å"Hmmm, let me think about it†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She's so small, yet she contains so much evil, Quinn thought. He threw the field journal at her and read her the longitude and latitude off the GPS. â€Å"Film's in the camera. New roll. I loaded it this morning.† â€Å"I was thinking I'd gloat some more.† Amy picked up the notebook, then paused as she opened it to begin writing. â€Å"Singing stopped.† â€Å"Sometimes I think they just stop singing to freak me out.† â€Å"He's moving,† Amy said, pointing. â€Å"Moving,† Quinn repeated. He looked over the side and saw the white pec fins and flukes flash out of sight. â€Å"Hold on.† He started the engine. â€Å"They can hunt these kind, as far as I'm concerned,† Quinn said after they'd been on the whale for two hours. They'd recorded three full cycles of the song and gotten a crossbow biopsy, but the whale simply would not fluke, so they hadn't been able to get an ID photo. A lot of good it did to have a DNA sample when you couldn't identify the animal. â€Å"Hunt them and make them into pet food,† Nate continued. â€Å"Get their tainted, nonfluking genes out of the gene pool.† â€Å"Maybe you should have a doughnut or something, get your blood sugar up,† Amy said. â€Å"Use their pathetic, nonfluking baleen for corsets and umbrella stays. Use their vertebrae for footstools. Use their intestines to make giant, nonfluking whale sausages to serve at state fairs. Remove their putrid unfluking gonads and –  » â€Å"I thought you liked these animals.† â€Å"Yeah, but not when they won't cooperate.† The whale had led them five miles out toward Molokai and very close to the wind line, where the waves were too big and the current too fast to stay on a singer. If the whale continued in this direction, they would lose him within the next two dive cycles and the day would be wasted. What was even more frustrating was that this animal was hanging in the water and singing with his tail only a few feet below the surface. Typically, a singer in the channel would be thirty to fifty feet down – this guy was at about seven. Nate kept having to pull up the hydrophone to keep it from bopping the whale in the noggin as they drifted over it. â€Å"He's coming up,† Amy said. She grabbed the camera off the seat and aimed it at a spot twenty yards or so in front of the boat so the auto-focus and exposure would already be set. Nate pulled up the hydrophone with two yanks and started the engine. The whale was moving faster this time. Nate adjusted the throttle to put Amy at the right distance for a full-frame tail shot. One breath and he was down for ten seconds, another breath twelve seconds, another breath and the great tail peduncle arched high into the air. â€Å"Looks like he's going to do it,† Nate said. â€Å"Ready,† Amy said. The tail cleared the water by just a foot, presenting an edge view instead of a flat horizontal view that would give them all the markings, but Nate thought he saw something. Something that looked like black letters on the underside of the tail. â€Å"You get that? You get that?† â€Å"I got what there was. He didn't present very well.† Amy had run the motor drive for the whole cycle of the dive, maybe eight frames. â€Å"Did you see those markings? On the underside? The black†¦ uh, stripes?† Quinn whipped off his sunglasses and wiped them with his T-shirt. â€Å"Stripes? Nate, I didn't see anything but edge through the camera.† â€Å"Damn it!† â€Å"Look, he fluked. Maybe he will again.† â€Å"That's not the point.† â€Å"It's not?† â€Å"Get up on the bow, see if you can find him.† Amy stood on the bow and directed Quinn. When she dropped her arm, he killed the engine. And there was the whale, hanging there, singing, his tail not ten feet under the water. They weren't a hundred yards off the wind line, and the boat was drifting away from the whale faster than it had before. They'd be over it for only a minute or so. This close to the wind line, they'd probably lose him the next time he came up. Nate was not going to finish this day wondering if he was having hallucinations again. â€Å"Amy, hand me my mask and flippers from the bow cabinet, would you?† â€Å"You're going in the water?† â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"But you never go in the water.† â€Å"I'm going in the water.† Nate opened a plastic Pelican case and pulled out his Nikonos IV underwater camera, checked to make sure it was loaded. â€Å"You're not a water guy.† â€Å"See if there's a weight belt in there, too.† â€Å"Clay says you're not a water guy. You're a boat guy.† â€Å"I'm going to get an ID photo from under his tail. If he's going to be accommodating enough to stay this close to the surface, I'm going to go get the photo.† â€Å"Can you do that?† â€Å"Why not?† She handed him a belt weighted with ten pounds of lead, and Nate buckled it around his hips. He pulled on the mask and fins, then sat on the gunwale with his back to the water. â€Å"You're going to drift off of me. I'm not going to try to swim to catch you, so come back and get me. Wait till I wave. I don't want you to start the engine until I'm sure I have the picture. Keep recording until you come get me.† † ‘Kay.† Amy's mouth was sort of hanging open as if she'd just been slapped. â€Å"This is no big deal.† â€Å"Right. You want me to do it? It's my fault I didn't get the shot last time.† â€Å"Not your fault. The shot wasn't there. See ya.† Quinn put the snorkel in his mouth and rolled backward off the boat. At seventy-five degrees, the water was still cold enough to knock the breath out of him. He floated to the surface and tried to take controlled breaths until his system adjusted. The whale was close, only a hundred or so feet away. The song reverberated in Nate's ribs as he kicked over to it. This had to be the â€Å"bite me† whale. Even if he'd somehow been wrong about there actually being letters, there were certainly some strange markings on this animal's tail. And there was more than that, too, if he could prove to himself that this was the same animal. It would mean that the whale had stayed in the general area of the Au'au Channel for over three weeks, which was fairly unusual. Of course, conclusions weren't reached from that lack of data. It could simply be that they hadn't computerized the catalog of Hawaiian ID photos the way they had in Alaska. And without the first picture there'd be no proof that this was the same animal, but Quinn would know. He would know. That had become the impetus of this silly mission, not just proving that he wasn't hallucinating. He was a man of science, of facts, of reason. He didn't need to prove he was sane. I'm out of my mind, he thought. He'd never even heard of anyone trying to do an ID photo underwater. The animal was perfectly motionless, a great swath of gray in a field of infinite blue. But Quinn thought he saw movement on the far side of the whale. He lifted his head out of the water and looked back at the boat. Amy gave him a thumbs-up. He took a deep breath and made his dive to take the photo. If he'd been wearing tanks, he might have let the weight belt take him down slowly, but he knew he'd be able to stay down for only forty to sixty seconds, so he went headfirst, kicking hard until he was down twenty or so feet. Then he leveled off, holding the camera in front of him, and looked up at the underside of the whale's tail. There it was, in big, sans-serif, spray-paint-like letters: BITE ME! He nearly forgot to take the picture. How could this possibly be? Had the animal somehow been caught in a net when it was younger and marked by a sardonic fisherman before being released? Was it one of those animals that had swum up a river and got stranded, then been rescued by an army of fish-and-game people? He centered the tail in the viewfinder and hit the shutter. Advanced the film and shot again. Then he needed to breathe. He turned and kicked to the surface, but again he saw the dark shape moving near the whale. Remora, he thought. Although it looked too big to be one of the parasite fish that often attached themselves to whales. At the surface he looked back down at the singer, near the left pec where he'd seen the movement. The animal was doing ribbits. Quinn smiled around his snorkel, took three deep breaths, held, then dove again. This time, before he could get the camera up, he saw the movement of a dark fin on the far side of the whale, and he squinted to see deep into the blue distance. Blue-water willies, was how he'd always thought of it. The feeling you get when you realize that something big and carnivorous could come at you from any direction, then you start looking for gray missiles in the blue, like looking for a malevolent face to appear at a dark window. Then the whale moved. The wash of the tail pushed Quinn back, but he maintained his bearings and started toward the surface, trying to keep his eye on the animal. The whale turned around in little more than its own length and shot toward Nate. He kicked laterally, trying to move to one side or another, then up, so he'd be tossed over the top of the animal rather than under it as it came up, because it was definitely going to bump him. He looked back beyond his fins as he kicked and saw the whale adjust its direction to keep coming toward him. Nate kicked once for the surface, then looked back again to see the animal's enormous mouth opening beneath him. No, this can't be happening, he thought. The panic rising in his chest demanded air, but it was as if the entire ocean had opened up a hole behind him, and he wasn't going to make it to the surface. The whale came halfway out of the water as it scooped him up, and Nate saw sky, and white water, and baleen fringing the upper jaw above – all of it framed by the huge trapezoid that was the whale's open mouth. Then he felt the whale sinking back, and he saw the baleen close over him. He rolled into a ball, hoping not to be crushed by the jaws, hoping to be spit out as a horrible dining mistake. But then the great tongue came forward, warm and rough, driving him against the baleen plates – it was like being smashed into a wrought-iron fence by a wet Nerf Volkswagen. He could feel the baleen ripping the skin on his back as the tongue covered him, pressing the seawater out around him as it would strain krill, then crushing him until the last of the air exploded from his body and he blacked out. PART TWO Jonah's People Men really need sea monsters in their personal oceans. For the ocean, deep and black in the depths, is like the low dark levels of our minds in which the dream symbols incubate and sometimes rise up to sight like the Old Man of the Sea. – JOHN STEINBECK CHAPTER SIXTEEN Shoes Off in the Whale! â€Å"Shoes off in the whale!† a male voice said out of the dark. Quinn could see nothing. His entire body ached like, well, like it had been chewed. He crawled to his hands and knees on what felt like wet latex. He reached down and felt for his feet. He still had his flippers on, and logic protested through his confusion. â€Å"I'm not wearing shoes. These are fins.† â€Å"Shoes off in the whale! And don't try and make a break for the anus.† Two things that, if asked about an hour earlier, Nate might have said with conviction he'd never hear in a lifetime of conversation. â€Å"What?† Quinn said, squinting into the dark. He realized that he was still wearing his dive mask and reached up to push it back. â€Å"I'll bet he didn't bring the pastrami on rye I asked for either, did he?† came the voice. Shapes began to define themselves in the darkness, and Nate saw a face not a foot away from his. He gasped and pulled away from it, for although it seemed to be examining him with great interest, the face was not human. Clay Demodocus was known throughout the world as one of the calmest, most level-tempered, most generous and considerate individuals in the entire milieu of marine biology. His reputation preceded him when he went on assignment, and people took it for granted that he would remain amiable throughout a long voyage in cramped quarters, as well as efficient in his own work, respectful of the work of others, and cool-headed in an emergency. Because he often had to subjugate himself to the head researcher on any given assignment, Clay did not indulge in ego battles and testosterone-slinging contests with researchers or crew. None of these qualities were evident when he went over the desk of the Coast Guard commandant and stopped only inches from head-butting the tall, athletic-looking officer. â€Å"You call this search off now and I'll see to it that your name is remembered for all time in concert with Adolf Eichmann and Vlad the Impaler. Nathan Quinn is a legend in his field, and every t ime there's a documentary on whales on the Discovery Channel, or National Geographic, or Animal Planet, or PBS, or the fucking Cartoon Channel, I'll see to it that your name is mentioned right after Nate's as the man who left him out there. You'll be the official Coast Guard pariah for the next hundred years. This will be the Coast Guard's My Lai. Every time a kid drowns, your name will be mentioned – nay, every time someone gets a soaker, the name of Commodore Whateveryournameis shall be brought forth and your effigy burned in the streets and your head stuck on a pole, lipsticked, and marched around school yards, forever. And all because you're too goddamned lamebrained to put a couple of helicopters into the air to find my friend. Is that what you want?† Clay had strong views on loyalty. The commodore had been in the Coast Guard for most of his adult life, spending the majority of his time and energy either rescuing people or training others to do so, and as a result he was taken aback more than somewhat by Clay's tirade. He looked across his office to where Kona and Amy stood by the door, looking nearly as haggard as he felt. The surfer looked at him and shook his head sadly. â€Å"It's been three days, Mr. Demodocus. In open water with no life preserver? You're not a tourist – you know the odds. If he were alive, he'd have drifted far out of where we're able to patrol by now anyway. We're doing no fewer than ten rescues a day on Maui. I can't have our helicopters out to sea when there's just no chance.† â€Å"What about tide maps, currents?† Clay pleaded. â€Å"Can't we try to predict which way he might have drifted? Narrow the search area.† The commodore had to look away from Clay when he answered. The first thing the surfer kid with the uneven dreadlocks had said when they'd come into his office was â€Å"Sucks to be you.† And right now the commodore couldn't have agreed more. He'd lost friends at sea; he understood. â€Å"I'm sorry,† he said. Clay sighed heavily, and his shoulders sagged. Amy came forward and took him by the arm. â€Å"Let's go home, Clay.† Clay nodded and allowed himself to be led out of the commodore's office. As they made their way across the parking lot to Clay's truck Kona said, â€Å"That was amazing, Clay.† â€Å"Throwing a fit? Yeah, I'm proud of that, especially since it worked so well.† â€Å"Why didn't you say anything about the whale eating Nate?† In the three days since Quinn had disappeared, Kona had forgotten to speak brophonics and Rasta talk almost completely, and now he just sounded like a kid from New Jersey with a â€Å"whoa, dude† surfer accent. â€Å"Whales don't eat people, Kona,† Clay said. â€Å"You know better.† â€Å"I know what I saw,† Amy said. Clay stopped and stepped away from both of them. â€Å"Look, if you're going to do this stuff, you have to be practical. I believe that you saw what you say you saw, but nothing about it helps. First, a humpback's throat is only about a foot in diameter. They couldn't swallow a human if they wanted to. So if the whale did scoop up Nate, then there's a good chance he was spit out very quickly. Second, if I told that story to everyone else, either they'd think you were being hysterical or, if they believed you, they'd assume that Nate had been drowned immediately, and there wouldn't have been a search. I believe you, kid, but don't think anyone else will.† â€Å"So what now?† Kona asked. Clay looked at the two of them, standing there like abandoned puppies, and he pushed aside his own grief. â€Å"We finish Nate's work. We do this work, we carry on. Right now I've got to go up the mountain and see the Old Broad. Nate was like a son to her.† â€Å"You haven't told her?† Amy asked. Clay shook his head. â€Å"Why would I? I haven't given up on Nate. I've seen too much. Last year they thought they'd lost one of the black-coral divers. The boat came back to where they'd sent him down, and he was gone. A week later he called from Molokai for them to come get him. He'd swum over and had been so busy partying he'd forgotten to call. â€Å"Doesn't sound like Nate,† Kona said. â€Å"He told me that he hated fun.† â€Å"Still, it would be wrong not to let the Old Broad know what's happened,† Amy said. Clay patted them each on the back. â€Å"Intrepid,† he said. As he drove up the volcano, Clay tried to formulate some gentle way of breaking the news to the Old Broad. Since his mother had passed away, Clay had taken the bearing of bad news very seriously – so seriously, in fact, that he usually let someone else do the bearing. He'd been in Antarctica on assignment for National Science, snowed in at the naval weather station for six months when his mother, still in Greece, had gone missing. She was seventy-five, and the villagers knew she couldn't have gone far, yet, search as they might, they did not find her for three days. Finally her location was revealed by her ripening odor. They found her dead in an olive tree, where she had climbed to do some pruning. Clay's older brothers, Hektor and Sidor, would not hold the funeral without Clay, the baby, yet they knew their brother would be completely out of touch for months. â€Å"He is the rich American,† came the ouzo-besotted lament. â€Å"He should take care of Mama. Perhaps h e will even fly us to America for the funeral.† And so the two brothers, having inherited their mother's weakness for alcohol and their father's bad judgment, packed the remains of Mother Demodocus in an olive barrel, filled the barrel with the preserving brine, and shipped it off to their rich younger brother's house in San Diego. The problem was, in their grief (or perhaps it was their stupor) they forgot to send a letter, leave a message, or, for that matter, put a packing label on the barrel, so months later, when Clay returned to find the barrel on his porch, he broke into it thinking he was about to enjoy a delicious snack of kala-mata olives from home. It was not the way to find out about his mother's death, and it engendered in Clay very strong views about loyalty and the bearing of bad news. I will do this right, he thought as he pulled into the Old Broad's driveway. There's no reason for this to be a shock. There were cats and crystals everywhere. The Old Broad led him through the house and had him sit in a wicker emperor's chair that looked out over the channel while she fetched some mango iced tea for them. The house could have been designed by Gauguin and landscaped by Rousseau. It was small, just five rooms and a carport, but it sat on twenty acres of fruit-salad jungle: banana trees, mango, lemon, tangerine, orange, papaya, and coconut palm, as well as a florist's dream of orchids and other tropical flowers. The Old Broad had cultivated a low, soft grass under all the trees that was like a golf-course green over sponge cake. The house was made almost entirely of dark koa wood, nut brown and with black grain running through it, polished to a smooth satin and as hard as ebony. There was a high-peaked galvanized-tin roof with a vented tower in the center to draw heat out the top and cool air in from under the wide eaves that surrounded the whole house. There were no windows, just open sliding walls. You could look through any part of the house to the other and see the tropical garden. The Old Broad's telescope and  «big-eye » binoculars stood on steel and concrete mountings in front of where Clay sat, looking very much out of place: the artillery of science planted in paradise. At Clay's feet a skinny cat happily crunched the legs off a scorpion. The Old Broad handed Clay a tall, icy glass and sat in another emperor's chair beside him. She was barefoot and wore a flowered caftan and a yellow-and-red hibiscus blossom in her hair that was half the size of her face. She had probably been a dish back around the time of Lincoln, Clay thought. â€Å"It's so nice to see you, Clay. I don't get many visitors. Not that I'm lonely, you know. I have the cats and the whales to talk to. But that's not like having one of my boys to visit with.† Oh, jeez, Clay thought. One of her boys. Oh, jeez. He had to tell her. He knew he had to tell her. He had come up here to tell her, and he was going to tell her, and that was that. â€Å"This is excellent tea, Elizabeth. Mango, you say?† â€Å"That's right. Just a little bit of mint. Now, what is it you needed to talk to me about?† â€Å"And ice? I think the coldness makes it, gives it a fantastic, uh†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Temperature? Yes, ice is an essential ingredient in iced tea, Clay. Thus the name.† Sarcasm is so ugly on the aged, thought Clay. No one likes a sarcastic oldster. He said, â€Å"Iced tea, you mean?† Oh, this is just going to kill her, he thought. â€Å"If this is about a new boat, Clay, don't be shy. I know how you loved that boat, and we'll get you another one. I'm just not sure we can go for one quite that nice. My investments haven't been doing well the last couple of years.† â€Å"No, no, it's not the boat. The boat was insured. It's Nate.† â€Å"And how is Nathan? I hope he's handling his little infatuation with your new researcher with a bit of dignity. He was wearing it on his sleeve that night at the sanctuary. You'd think a man as smart as Nathan would have better control over his impulses.† â€Å"Nate had a thing for Amy?† Clay was going to tell her, really. He was just working up to it. â€Å"You said ‘had, † said the Old Broad. â€Å"You said Nate ‘had' a thing for Amy.† â€Å"Elizabeth, there's been an accident. Three days ago Nate went into the water to get a better look at a singer, and†¦ well, we haven't been able to find him.† Clay put down his tea so he could catch the old woman should she faint. â€Å"I'm very sorry.† â€Å"Oh, that. Yes, I heard about that. Nate's fine, Clay. The whale told me.† And here Clay found himself balancing on another dilemma. Should he let her have her belief, no matter how crazy it might be, or should he dash her spirits to earth with the truth? Although Nate had found Elizabeth's eccentricities irritating, Clay had always liked her insistence that the whales spoke to her. He wished it were true. He scooted to the edge of his chair and took her hand in his. â€Å"Elizabeth, I don't think you understand what I'm saying – ; â€Å"He took the pastrami and rye, right? He said he would.† â€Å"Um, that's not exactly pertinent. He's been gone for three days, and they were right at the wind line toward Molokai when he was lost. Rough sea. He's probably gone, Elizabeth.† â€Å"Well, of course he's gone, Clay. You'll just have to carry on until he gets back.† Now she patted his hand. â€Å"He did take the sandwich, right? The whale was very specific.† â€Å"Elizabeth! You're not listening to me. This is not about the whales singing to you through the trees. Nate is gone!† â€Å"Don't you shout at me, Clay Demodocus. I'm trying to comfort you. And it wasn't a song through the trees. What do you think? I'm some crazy old woman? The whale called on the phone.† â€Å"Oh, Jesus, Joseph, and Mary, I don't know how to do this » â€Å"More tea?† asked the Old Broad. As Clay made the long drive down the volcano and back to Papa Lani, he tried to fight letting his spirits rise. The Old Broad was completely convinced that Nathan Quinn was just fine and dandy, although she could give no reason other than to say that the whale, after ordering a pastrami on rye, had told her that everything would be all right. â€Å"And how did you know it was the whale on the phone?† asked Clay. â€Å"Well, he told me that's who he was.† â€Å"And it was a male voice?† â€Å"Well, it would be. He's a singer, isn't he?† She'd gone on like that, reassuring him, encouraging him to go back to work, dismissing any guilt or grief, until he was almost to the gates of the compound before he remembered. â€Å"She's a total loony!† he said to himself, as if he just needed to hear the words, to feel their truth. Nothing is all right. Nate's dead. Clair would be sleeping at her house tonight, and although it was late, Clay could not make himself go to sleep. Instead he went to the office, knowing that nothing in the world could eat up time like editing video. He attached a digital video camera to his computer and turned on the recently replaced giant monitor. Blue filled the screen, and then he could sense the motion of descent, but there was only a faint hiss of his breathing, not the usual fusillade of bubbles from a regulator. This was the rebreather footage, from the day he had almost drowned. He'd completely forgotten about it. The breath-holder's tail came into frame. Clay's first instincts had been right. This was great footage of a breath-holder – the best they'd ever recorded. As he passed the tail, the genital slit came into view, and he could tell that they were dealing with a male. There were black marks on the underside of the tail, but the view was still edge on, and he couldn't make out their shape. He heard a faint kazoo sound in the background and ran back the tape, with the sound turned up. This time his breath sounded like a bull snorting before a charge, the kazoo sound, louder now, like a voice through wax paper. He ran back the tape again and cranked the sound all the way up, bringing down the high frequency to kill some of the hiss. Definitely voices. â€Å"There's someone outside, Captain.† â€Å"Does he have my sandwich with him?† â€Å"He's close, Captain, really close. Too close.† Then the tail came down, and there was a deafening thud. The picture jerked in a half dozen directions, then settled as tiny bubbles passed by the lens in a field of blue. The lens caught a shot of Clay's fin as he sank, and then it was just blue and the occasional shot of the lanyard that secured the camera to his wrist. Clay ran the tape back again, confirmed the voices, then set it to dub onto the computer hard drive so he could manipulate the audio in a waveform, the way they did with sound recordings. Even though he was sure what was on the tape, he couldn't figure out how it could possibly have gotten there. Only five minutes of watching little progress bars move across the monitor, and he could stand the suspense no longer. He smiled to himself, because now was the time he would have gone to Nate, as he had so many times before, to help him figure out exactly what it was they were hearing or looking at, but Nate was gone. He checked his watch, and, deciding that it wasn't too insanely late, he headed across the compound to get Amy.